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Current page: FEMA P-2325 §U.S. Virgin Islands Case Study (HPRP)
GuidelineRecommended

Roofing must be properly attached for high-wind survival

FEMA P-2325 §U.S. Virgin Islands Case Study (HPRP)

Description

Roof systems in hurricane-prone areas should be detailed and inspected for adequate attachment of decking, underlayment, and covering. Inadequately fastened roofs are the primary point of failure in high-wind events — once the roof leaves the structure the interior becomes a single-story-tall unbraced cantilever.

Why this exists

FEMA's Mitigation Assessment Team observed zero structural roof damage to U.S. Virgin Islands homes retrofitted under the Home Protection Roofing Program (HPRP) when Hurricanes Irma + Maria (2017) struck — despite those storms being more severe than the 1995 Hurricane Marilyn that originally damaged the same building stock.

Categories

StructureLife safety

Source

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)no manifest entry
Building Codes Toolkit for Homeowners and Occupants (FEMA P-2325, May 2023)
Section: U.S. Virgin Islands Case Study (HPRP)
Published 2023-05-01 · last verified 2026-05-11

Solver enforcement

Browsable only — the solver does not currently enforce this directive (no spec-level data to check against). This entry exists so the architect personas can cite it in conversation and the user can read what the rule says.

Related directives

Last reviewed 2026-05-11.