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Current page: FEMA P-2325 §FEMA Mitigation Recommendations (Earthquake)
GuidelineRecommended

Cripple wall foundations require seismic bracing

FEMA P-2325 §FEMA Mitigation Recommendations (Earthquake)

Description

Houses with cripple walls (short wood-stud walls between the concrete foundation and first-floor framing) should be braced with plywood or oriented-strand-board sheathing on the interior face of the cripple wall in seismic-active areas. Unbraced cripple walls are a primary cause of older-home collapse in earthquakes.

Why this exists

Per FEMA P-2325: 'homes with cripple wall foundations (with wood foundation walls) are inherently weaker and can collapse in an earthquake unless they have been seismically retrofitted.' This is one of the most predictable failure modes for pre-1970s California wood-frame construction.

Categories

StructureLife safety

Source

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)no manifest entry
Building Codes Toolkit for Homeowners and Occupants (FEMA P-2325, May 2023)
Section: FEMA Mitigation Recommendations (Earthquake)
Published 2023-05-01 · last verified 2026-05-11

Solver enforcement

Browsable only — the solver does not currently enforce this directive (no spec-level data to check against). This entry exists so the architect personas can cite it in conversation and the user can read what the rule says.

Related directives

Last reviewed 2026-05-11.